超音波検査技術

ISSN: 1881-4506
一般社団法人日本超音波検査学会
〒162-0801 東京都新宿区山吹町358-5
Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasound Technology 40(4): 415-423 (2015)
doi:10.11272/jss.40.415

研究研究

二次元スペックルトラッキング法による右室自由壁の部位別ストレイン解析を用いた肺高血圧症の推定Estimation of Pulmonary Hypertension Using Segmental Strain Analysis in Right Ventricular Free Wall by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography

1長崎大学病院検査部Central Laboratory Diagnostics, Nagasaki University Hospital ◇ 〒852-8501 長崎県長崎市坂本一丁目7番1号1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan

2長崎大学病院超音波センターUltrasound Imaging Center, Nagasaki University Hospital ◇ 〒852-8501 長崎県長崎市坂本一丁目7番1号1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan

3長崎大学病院内科系診療部門循環器内科Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital ◇ 〒852-8501 長崎県長崎市坂本一丁目7番1号1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan

4社会医療法人春回会井上病院循環器科Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital ◇ 〒850-0045 長崎県長崎市宝町6番12号6-12 Takara-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 850-0045, Japan

受付日:2014年11月19日Received: November 19, 2014
受理日:2015年4月1日Accepted: April 1, 2015
発行日:2015年8月1日Published: August 1, 2015
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背景:二次元スペックルトラッキング(2D speckle tracking: 2DST)法による右室自由壁全体の心筋の歪み(strain)は肺高血圧(PH)予測に有用であると報告されているが,実際の検査では心尖部や心基部が描出困難な症例も多い.

目的:2DST法による右室自由壁の部位別strainでPH予測可能かどうかを検討し,右室自由壁全体が明瞭に描出できない場合の2DST法によるPH予測の有用性を検証する.

対象と方法:右心カテーテル検査と2DST解析を施行しえたPH群30例(男性11例,女性19例,年齢51±18歳)と,non-PH群11例(男性3例,女性8例,年齢68±10歳)を対象とした.右心カテーテル検査で測定した平均肺動脈圧(mPAP)と下記の心エコー指標を比較検討した.心尖四腔像にて右室自由壁を長軸方向に2DST解析した基部(basal),中部(mid),心尖部(apical),および三部位平均(mean)のpeak systolic strain(PSS)とpost systolic shortening index(PSI),三尖弁輪移動距離(TAPSE),右室拡張末期径(RVD),右室拡張末期面積(RVAd),右室収縮末期面積(RVAs),右室面積変化率(FAC),右房拡張末期径(RAD),三尖弁逆流圧較差に右房圧を加えた推定収縮期PAP(推定sPAP).

結果と考察:mPAPは全ての部位のPSS, PSIと有意な相関を示し,部位別解析において特に相関が高かったのは,PSSではmid(r=0.55, p<0.001),PSIではbasal(r=0.63, p<0.001)であった.またPSS-midはPSS-meanとも非常に強い相関(r=0.94, p<0.001)を示した.多変量解析では,RVD(オッズ比1.302,95%信頼区間1.07~1.71: p=0.006)とPSS-mid(オッズ比1.259,95%信頼区間1.01~1.66: p=0.037)がPHの独立した予測因子であった.ROC解析によるPH予測のcut-off値はRVDが29 mm(感度83%,特異度55%),PSS-midが−22%(感度67%,特異度91%)であった.さらにRVDとPSS-midを組み合わせて評価することで,高い陽性的中率(100%)と特異度(100%)が得られた.

結論:右室自由壁の2DST解析では,PSS-midがPH予測に有用であった.またRVDとPSS-midを組み合わせて評価すると,高い陽性的中率でPHを予測しえた.右室自由壁の基部や心尖部が明瞭に描出できなくても,PSS-midとRVDを用いてPHが予測できる可能性が示唆された.

Background: Right ventricular (RV) free-wall strain, determined by two-dimensional speckle-tracking (2DST) echocardiography, is reportedly useful for estimating pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, it is often difficult to obtain clear echocardiographic images at the base and apex of the RV free-wall in the clinical setting.

Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to identify the RV free-wall site (basal, mid, and apical) at which the PH can most effectively be predicted.

Subjects and Methods: We enrolled 30 patients with PH (11 men; mean age, 51±18 years) and 11 patients without PH (3 men; mean age, 68±10 years) who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and 2DST echocardiography. The longitudinal strain of the RV free-wall was measured at the basal, mid, and apical sites by using 2DST; moreover, the peak systolic strain (PSS) and post systolic shortening index (PSI) were calculated at each site, and averaged the values at three sites as mean. In addition, we recorded the following conventional echocardiographic parameters: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV diastolic diameter (RVD), RV diastolic area, RV systolic area, fractional area change, right atrium diastolic area, and estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (estimated sPAP; calculated by adding the tricuspid valve regurgitant pressure gradient to the mean right atrial pressure). Furthermore, the associations between these parameters and mean PAP (mPAP) determined by RHC were examined.

Results and Discussion: mPAP was significantly correlated with PSS and PSI at each site. In segmental analysis, The correlations of PSS-mid (r=0.55, p<0.001) and PSI-basal (r=0.63, p<0.001) with mPAP were greater than those at the other sites. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between PSS-mid and the averaged PSS-mean. Multivariable logistic analysis indicated that RVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.302; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.71; p=0.006) and PSS-mid (OR, 1.259; 95% CI, 1.01–1.66; p=0.037) were independent predictive parameters of PH. The cut-off value of PH (mPAP≧25 mmHg), determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, was 29 mm for the RVD and −22% for PSS-mid. An analysis using the combined cut-off levels of RVD and PSS-mid indicated a very high positive-predictive value and specificity (100% each).

Conclusions: PSS-mid is a useful parameter for estimating PH; in combination with RVD, it has a very high positive-predictive value. The combination of RVD and PSS-mid can therefore be useful for detecting PH, even in cases where the basal or apical site in the RV free-wall cannot be clearly visualized.

キーワード:肺高血圧;2次元スペックルトラッキング法;右室;部位別ストレイン

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