超音波検査技術

ISSN: 1881-4506
一般社団法人日本超音波検査学会
〒162-0801 東京都新宿区山吹町358-5
Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasound Technology 44(2): 221-229 (2019)
doi:10.11272/jss.44.221

研究Research Paper

成人患者における先天性心房中隔欠損症の経胸壁心エコー図検査での検出感度欠損サイズと右室拡大の比較Sensitivity to Detect Atrial Septal Defect by Transthoracic Echocardiography in Adult Patients: Comparisons with Defect Size and Right Ventricular Dilation

1群馬県立心臓血管センター技術部Department of Medical Technology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center

2群馬県立心臓血管センター循環器内科Department of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center

3獨協医科大学埼玉医療センター超音波センターUltrasound Examination Center, Dokkyo Medical University

4さいたま市立病院中央検査科Central Laboratory, Saitama City Hospital

受付日:2018年6月7日Received: June 7, 2018
受理日:2018年12月15日Accepted: December 15, 2018
発行日:2019年4月1日Published: April 1, 2019
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目的:成人の心房中隔欠損症(ASD)において,欠損サイズと経胸壁心エコー図検査(TTE)での検出感度および右室サイズの関係を明らかにすること.

対象と方法:対象は,2010年10月~2016年7月に,TTEに次いで経食道心エコー図検査(TEE)を施行した4,507例のうち,TEEにてASDと診断された86例(63±14歳,男性39例,女性47例)であり,欠損型は二次孔型:s型74例,静脈洞型:sv型9例,冠静脈洞型:cs型3例であった.ASDの最大欠損孔により<5 mm(S群:38例,s型34例,sv型1例,cs型3例),5~10 mm(M:群:11例,s型9例,sv型2例),10 mm≦(L群:37例,s型31例,sv型6例)に分類した後,各群のTTEでのASD検出感度を算出した.また,心尖部四腔断面にて右室基部および中位の短径(RVD base, RVD mid),右室長径(RVD long)を,大動脈弁レベル短軸像にて右室流出路(RVOT)の近位部および遠位部径(RVOT Prox, RVOT Distal)を計測し,それらの体表面積補正値(INDEX:I)を各群で比較検討した.

結果:全対象のTTEのASD検出感度は50.0%,S,M,L群ではそれぞれ10.5%,45.5%,91.9%と小欠損症例の検出感度は低値であった(p<0.01).RVD base IおよびRVD mid IはL群がS群に比し有意に大であった(Base: 25.2±4.6 vs. 21.5±4.2 mm/m2, p<0.01, Mid: 24.5±5.5 vs. 18.1±3.6 mm/m2, p<0.01).RVOT Prox IおよびRVOT Distal Iは,L群(Prox: 22.1±4.8 mm/m2, Distal: 19.6±3.4 mm/m2)がS, M群に比し有意に大であった(Prox: 18.0 ±3.5 and 16.9 ±3.0 mm/m2, p<0.01 and p<0.05, Distal: 16.1±1.6 and 15.9±1.9 mm/m2, p<0.01).

考察と結語:欠損孔の大きいASD例では右室拡大が生じることからTTEでの検出感度は高いが,欠損孔の小さいASD例では右室容量負荷を示唆する右室拡大の所見は認めないことから,ASDが疑われず,TTEでの検出感度が著明に低下することが明らかとなった.

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) in adult patients could be overlooked by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), particularly when ASD size and left-to-right shunt rates are small. However, it is unclear how sensitivity to detect ASD with TTE differs with ASD size.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 4,507 consecutive adult patients who underwent TEE. Of these patients, 86 were diagnosed with ASD (63±11 years, 47 females and 36 males). ASD patients were divided into 3 groups according to ASD size: Group L (ASD size>10 mm, n=37), Group M (ASD size 5 to 10 mm, n=11), and Group S (ASD size<5 mm, n=38). We compared the sensitivities of ASD detection by TTE prior to TEE and right ventricular (RV) chamber geometries among the three groups.

Results: In total, ASD detection rate by TTE was 50.0% (43 patients). TTE was able to detect ASD in 4 patients in group S (10.5%), 5 patients (45.5%) in group M, and 34 patients (91.9%) in group L. Basal and mid RV linear dimensions index obtained by conventional four-chamber view were larger in Group L compared to those in Group S (Basal: 25.2±4.6 mm/m2 vs. 21.5±4.2 mm/m2, p<0.01, Mid: 24.5±5.5 mm/m2 vs. 18.1±3.6 mm/m2, p<0.01). Group L had larger indexed proximal and distal RVOT dimensions (Proximal: 22.1±4.8 mm/m2, Distal: 19.6±3.4 mm/m2) compared to those in Group M (Proximal: 18.0±3.5 mm/m2, p<0.01, Distal: 16.1±1.6 mm/m2, p<0.05) and group S (Proximal: 16.9±3.0 mm/m2, p<0.05, Distal: 15.9±1.9 mm/m2, p<0.01).

Conclusions: The sensitivity of large ASD detection by TTE is satisfactory but that of small ASD detection by TTE is much lower. The lack of RV volume overload could explain the lower detection rate of small ASD by TTE.

Key words: atrial septal defect(ASD); transthoracic echocardiography(TTE); transesophageal echocardiography(TEE); detection sensitivity

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